Well now, my thoughts have changed. I stand corrected.
The negotiations are over, the meeting has been declared closed, the members have left for home. Our two chief negotiators (David Doniger and Jake Schmidt) have finally emerged exhausted from the Bella Center in which they have lived and breathed (sleeping on sofas) for three days and two nights. They report the creation of a document, a decidedly meaningful avowal by all but 5 of the 193 nations. It is called the Copenhagen Accord. I have attached a copy of this, scanned hot off the press, and immediately emailed out to the team by David and Jake. The signatory nations have stated specific actions they will take, goals they will pursue. The agreement is NOT legally binding. David Doniger says "they never are." But the goals stated by each nation are clear and will be monitored for actual actions taken and for compliance. Here are some details (wherein the devil lies, of course):
- Annex 1 countries (developed) are to commit by February 1, 2010, to 2020 emissions targets (identified in Appendix I) and to a process of MRV (measurement, reporting and validation) in actually doing what it takes to achieve the goals.
- Non-annex 1 countries (developing) will also have specified goals (Appendix II), but will be given allowances to work into satisfying these as they can, according to their capacities, financing, etc. The assumption is that the developing countries may not have the capacity to immediately make changes, as can the wealthier, developed countries.
- Both appendices, I and II, are blank and I presume will be filled in by February 1, 2010. Table 1 lists the details for 42 Annex I countries. There is also listing of the goals of 11 Non-annex II countries.
- the all-important issue of forests is addressed - REDD = "reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation" http://www.redd-monitor.org/redd-an-introduction/, REDD-plus refers to the only signed multinational agreement on this matter, produced at the Bali, Indonesia Climate Conference in December 2008, exactly one year ago.
- $30 billion will be raised to help developing countries from 2010 to 2012 (like, right away); $25.2 billion of this has been pledged by the EU, Japan and the US.
- Then by 2020, an additional $100 billion will be raised for developing countries.
- etc., etc. - read the document yourself. I think it's pretty interesting.
And it is clear how arduous and exasperating it must have been for the nations to generate this document, working 12 days of 14. Lots of give and take, posturing, bickering, and nasty looks. David reports that Obama was at the table shoulder to shoulder, sleeves rolled up working the deal 14 hours straight. And he was very impressive. His understanding of the issues was clearly superior to his fellow nation heads; he was very convincing, very skillfill, knows the ins and outs, what to say and what to avoid.
So now I feel better, and a bit embarrassed over my moroseness on Friday. The agreement is not perfect - for one thing, the goals are probably not agressive enough. But it is written afirmation of collaboration between 97% of nations to keep the planet alive. And the work will continue. I believe the next meeting is in Mexico City next year - more negotiations over increasingly ambitious objectives.
We had a joyous gathering in the hotel bar last night, celebrating the end of immensly intense work well done.



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