Tar sands production in Alberta, Canada, has shot up considerably in recent years, from 482,000 barrels a day in 1995 to 1.3 million barrels a day in 2008, destroying bird habitat and leaving barren landscapes along the way.
New cars will soon go farther on a gallon of gas, thanks, at long last, to the energy bill Congress passed late last year raising fuel mileage standards for the first time in more than three decades.
So far, rational environmental arguments have largely kept Utah's tar sands, which contain an estimated 12 billion to 20 billion barrels of oil, in the ground. Rising oil prices, however, may soon erase these historic constraints, just as they have done in Canada.
Even sober energy experts wonder if Alberta has gone mad as the province tears up a vast wilderness to get at the world's dirtiest, most expensive -- and perhaps last -- reserves of oil.